本文为节选，源自攻关学习网。本资料含笔记/真题/章节习题/答案解析等，具体请查阅为准，资料不断更新。
资料全称：王佐良《欧洲文化入门》全套资料【笔记＋题库】
王佐良欧洲文化入门笔记及题库资料
王佐良欧洲文化入门笔记及题库资料部分摘录：
Questions for revision:
1] What happened in Western Europe after the decline of the Roman Empire?
Key: After the decline of the Roman Empire, many Germanic kingdoms gradually developed into countries such as Britain, France, Italy, and Germany. Western European countries were in frequent wars. Political unity gave way to widespread destruction and chaos. Many people died of hunger and disease. The village fell into ruins and large areas of land were deserted. There was no central government to maintain order. The Christian Church seemed to be the only organization that could unite Europe. Christianity represented the life of the Middle Ages in Western Europe. For hundreds of years, Christianity had been in a leading position in politics, law, art, and learning.
2] What were the cultural characteristics of the period from 500 to 1007?
Key: Above all, the cultural characters of this period were the heritage and achievement of Roman culture and the emergence of Hebrew and Gothic culture.
BWho was Charles Martel?
Key: Charles Martel was a Frankish ruler who gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their services in 732.
4What was the relationship between lord and vassal?
Key: Lords granted parts of their lands known as fiefs to vassals. In return, the vassals promised to fight for the lords.
5Into what three groups were people divided under feudalism?
Key: Under feudalism, people of their Western Europe were mainly divided into three classes: clergy, lords, and peasants.
6What was the difference between a serf and a free man?
Key:A serf had no land and no freedom. He was bond to the land where he had been born.A free man was a peasant who usually was a worker who made the ploughs, shod the horses, and made harnesses for oxen and horses.
王佐良欧洲文化入门笔记及题库资料
7What is the importance of the using of vernacular languages in Medieval literature?
Key: In the Middle Ages, some national epics were written in the languages of the various national countries that emerged at that time, that is, vernacular. Some monks suggested translating the Bible into vermacular. Since then, European literature has shown a variety of national characteristics, not just Latin culture.
8] In what ways did Gothic art differ from Romanesque art?
Key:(1) Although Gothic was a product of Romanesque; it is guided by different aesthetic and philosophical spirits and confidently shows a more orderly feudal society.
(2) Romanesque buildings are characterized by heavy, solid and memorial significance, and the overall appearance is blocky. Sculpture and painting are mainly developed in the church, forming a perfect unity with the architecture. Both types of art are usually full of symbolism and allegory.
They adopt deliberate distortions to express meaning.
……本文为节选，完整版及相关资料均载于攻关学习网，每年更新！
